Adult Attachment Questionnaire: evidence of validity in a sample of IPVAW offenders.

Introduction: Adult attachment can be understood as a cognitive and emotional system concerning oneself and others, based on previous attachment experiences throughout life. This system automatically affects relationships with others. Because of its importance in the interpersonal domain, it has been studied on numerous occasions in research on intimate partner violence. The aim of this study was to obtain evidence of validity of the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ) in a sample of 331 men convicted of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). Methods: The AAQ assesses adult attachment style in four dimensions that, together, yield four attachment categories. A psychometric analysis was performed, including reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the items, which ratified the factorial structure of the questionnaire. For a correct fit of the model, it was necessary to eliminate 4 of the items from the original scale. Results: A latent profile analysis was also carried out, which identified four attachment styles: secure, preoccupied/anxious, avoidant/dismissing and fearful. Reliability indices were adequate. In general, the attachment profiles obtained ranges and means similar to those found in the general population study. The distribution of attachment styles was not equal: 50.57% of the participants presented secure attachment, 4.57% avoidant/dismissing attachment, 36.9% preoccupied/anxious, and 8.57% fearful. Discussion: In conclusion, a valid and reliable instrument was determined based on the original AAQ scale to measure attachment in men convicted of IPVAW.

Jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual en la universidad: entre la sobreprotección y la autodeterminación / Young People with Intellectual Disabilitiesat the University: between Overprotectionand Self-Determination

El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en analizar los efectos de la inclusión de las personas con discapacidad intelectual leve (PDIL, de aquí en adelante) en la universidad. Apelando a las teorías sobre el ecosistema familiar de Destanik (2004) y al modelo ecológico de Bronfenbrenner (1987), se parte de la hipótesis de que la inclusión de las PDIL en un entorno universitario producirá una disminución de la sobreprotección familiar no exenta de conflictos. Esto se contrasta utilizando un modelo metodológico mixto que analiza los discursos de las familias y datos recogidos mediante el Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker et al., 1979) aportados por las PDIL. Los resultados obtenidos apoyan la hipótesis de que un entorno universitario disminuye la sobreprotección tanto paterna como materna, si bien parece asociarse a un incremento del factor “cuidado” por parte de las madres. Por otra parte, las PDIL ven reforzada su autodeterminación en un contexto de enseñanzas universitarias. De este modo, el trabajo aporta evidencias sobre la conveniencia de articular programas que favorezcan el acceso de las PDIL al entorno universitario, contribuyendo a promover y garantizar sus derechos y a hacer efectivo el principio de acceso en condiciones de igualdad a una educación inclusiva, tal y como recoge el artículo 24 de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de la ONU en 2006. (AU)

The aim of this research is to analyse the effects of the inclusion of people with mild intellectual disabilities (hereinafter referred to as PMID) in the university. Drawing on Destanik’s (2004) theories on the family ecosystem and Bronfenbrenner’s (1987) ecological model, we start from the hypothesis that the inclusion of PMIDs in a university environment will lead to a decrease in family overprotection, which is not free of conflicts. This is tested using a mixed methodological model that analyses the discourses of the families and data collected through the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker et al., 1979) provided by the PMIDs. The results seem to support the hypothe-sis that a university environment decreases both paternal and maternal overprotection, although it seems to be associated with an increase in the “caring” factor on the part of mothers. On the other hand, PMIDs see their self-determination strengthened in a university context. In this way, the study provides evidence on the convenience of ar-ticulating programmes that favour the access of PMIDs to the university environment, contributing to promoting and guaranteeing their rights and making effective the princi-ple of equal access to inclusive education, as stated in Article 24 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006. (AU)

Dating Violence Heterogeneity in University Couples. The Cases of Spain and South Korea.

Research shows that dating violence is characterized by bigger ratios than those found among married couples of mutual and less severe forms of violence. The aim of this study is to increase knowledge about the violence experienced by female students at the Complutense University of Madrid and Yonsei University of Seoul. A quantitative study with 435 interviews (308 with Spanish students and 127 with South Koreans) was carried out during the 2015-2016 academic year. FINDINGS: dating violence has decreased in both universities. Currently, women are experiencing new forms of control through communication technologies and it is still necessary to increase awareness about equality of roles and rights between women and men. Important differences found between data from Madrid and Seoul, in terms of the role played by women and the severity of violence, raise questions about different kinds of dating violence and missing variables which may explain its etiology.

Influencia de los factores psicosociales en la enfermedad de Crohn / Influence of psychosocial factors in Crohn's disease / Influência de fatores psicossociais na doença de Crohn

OBJETIVO: Conocer la influencia de los factores psicosociales en la enfermedad de Crohn. METODOLOGÍA: Se utilizó la Escala de Estrés Percibido, la Escala de Apoyo Social Percibido y la Escala Multidimensional de Locus de Control. Se recopilaron los datos de pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn - en fase de brote y quiescencia - y sanos. Los niveles de estos factores se compararon para conocer su impacto en la enfermedad de Crohn. RESULTADOS: Diferencias estadísticamente significativas se encontraron en las tres variables en los grupos. Los pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn en fase de brote percibieron los niveles de estrés más altos. Los pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn que estaban en fase de recidiva presentaron los mayores niveles de apoyo social, identificándose el efecto modulador que tiene esta variable sobre el estrés. Y, por último, los pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn con brote presentaron mayor nivel de locus de control externo. CONCLUSIÓN: Son necesarias intervenciones enfermeras en la enfermedad de Crohn relacionadas con mayor manejo del estrés, aumento del apoyo social y disminución del locus de control externo

OBJECTIVE: To know the influence of psychosocial factors in the Crohn ́s disease. METHODOLOGY: The Perceived Stress Scale, Scale of Social Support Perceived and Multidimensional Scale of Locus of Control was used. Data was collected from patients with Crohn ́s disease -in outbreak and quiescence phase- and healthy. The levels ofthese factors were compared to know its impact in the Crohn ́s disease. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences found in the three variables in the groups. Patients with Crohn's disease outbreak phase perceived the highest stress levels. Patients with Crohn's disease who were in the relapse phase had the highest levels of social support, identifying the modulating effect that this variable has on stress. And finally, patients with Crohn's disease with outbreak had a higher level of external control locus. CONCLUSIONS:Nurse interventions are necessary in the Crohn ́s disease therapy in order to better manage the stress, increase the social support network and change the locus of control, decreasing the external locus of control

OBJETIVO: Conhecer a influência de fatores psicossociais na doença de Crohn. METODOLOGIA: Utilizou-se a Escala de Estresse Percebido, Escala de Apoio Social Percebido e Escala Multidimensional de Lócus de Controle. Os dados foram coletados de pacientes com doença de Crohn - em fase de cessação e quiescência - e saudáveis. Os níveis desses fatores foram comparados para conhecer seu impacto na doença de Crohn. RESULTADOS: Diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram encontradas nas três variáveis nos grupos. Pacientes com doença de Crohn na fase de exacerbação perceberam os maiores níveis de estresse. Pacientes com doença de Crohn em fase de remissão apresentaram os maiores níveis de suporte social, identificando o efeito modulador dessa variável no estresse. E finalmente, os pacientes com doença de Crohn exacerbaçao tinham um nível mais alto de locus de controle externo. CONCLUSÃO: As intervenções do enfermeiro são necessárias na terapia da doença de Crohn para melhor manejo do estresse, aumento da rede de apoio social e mudança do locus de controle, diminuindo o locus de controle externo

Elementos estructurales de la red social, fuentes de apoyo funcional, reciprocidad, apoyo comunitario y depresión en personas mayores en Chile / Structural dimension of social networks, sources of functional support, reciprocity, community support, and depression among elder people in Chile

La asociación entre apoyo social y depresión en el caso de las personas mayores constituye un objeto de estudio de especial relevancia en sociedades con altas tasas de envejecimiento, como es el caso de Chile. La presente investigación se centra en el papel jugado por variables de carácter psicosociológico: tipo de apoyo en función de la fuente de procedencia, reciprocidad en el apoyo según tipo de apoyo y fuente de procedencia, y apoyo comunitario. Se aplicaron escalas de depresión y apoyo social ampliamente utilizadas en una muestra (n=493) de la región de Arica-Parinacota, en el Norte de Chile. Se realiza un análisis de regresión jerárquica y de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados sugieren que el cónyuge y los hijos son las fuentes de apoyo relevantes para los síntomas de depresión, sobre todo en sus funciones instrumental y emocional. La reciprocidad en el apoyo es una variable fundamental para dar cuenta de la relación existente entre fuentes de apoyo social y depresión

The relation among aeging, social support, and depression is a key subject in societies with rising aeging rates, as Chile is. The present piece of research focus on the rol played by psychosociological variables: type of support by source, reciprocity in support by type and source of support, and communitary support. Validated and widely used scales for depression and social support where applied in a sample (n=493) obtained from Arica-Parinacota region, north of Chile. Hierarchichal regression and structural equation model (SEM) are used. Results suggest that partner and adult children constitute the main sources of support (specially emotional and instrumental) against depression. Reciprocity is a key variable to account for the relation between sources of support and depression

Ethnicity, Social Support, and Depression Among Elderly Chilean People.

Recent evidence regarding the relationship between social support and depression in elderly people shows the important role of ethnicity. This research describes the characteristics of social support in a sample of elderly people aged 60 and above living in northern Chile (n = 493), and analyzes the differences in the relationship between social support and depression between an indigenous group (Aymara population, n = 147) and a nonindigenous group (white, Caucasian, mestizo, n = 346). Various dimensions of social support were considered: structural elements, functional social support according to source, and community participation. The results show the existence of significant differences in the characteristics and dimensions of social support depending on sex, ethnicity, and marital status. Further, the central role of the family group is observed for both Aymara and nonindigenous elderly people. The hierarchical regression models obtained result in notable differences in the role of the structural, functional, and community elements of support in explaining depression for the ethnic groups considered.

Estrés y enfermedad de Crohn: diferencias entre enfermos de Crohn con brote, sin brote y personas sanas / Stress and Crohn’s disease: differences among outbrake and quiescence patients and healthy persons

Distintas investigaciones han puesto de manifiesto la relación entre estrés y numerosas patologías. Este estudio pretende explorar su relación con la enfermedad de Crohn. Se compararon los niveles de estrés, medidos mediante la escala de estrés percibido, de 37 pacientes en brote con 27 en fase de quiescencia y 40 personas sanas. De los resultados obtenidos parece derivarse que los enfermos de Crohn en fase de brote poseen mayores niveles de estrés que las personas sanas, además se constatan diferencias significativas en dicha variable entre enfermos de Crohn con brote y sin brote y enfermos de Crohn con brote y personas sanas. No se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre enfermos de Crohn sin brote y personas sanas. El trabajo concluye planteando algunas explicaciones plausibles a dichos resultados y, en particular, que el estrés pueda entenderse más como una de las consecuencias que como uno de los antecedentes de la enfermedad de Crohn (AU)

Research has shown the relationship between stress and many diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate its effect on Crohn’s disease. Using the Perceived Stress Scale we compared the stress levels of three different groups: 37 patients in the outbreak phase, 27 in quiescence, and 40 healthy controls. Results show that Crohn’s sufferers in outbreak phase have higher stress levels than both quiescence patients and healthy persons. However, no significant differences were observed between those in quiescence and healthy persons. The paper concludes by suggesting plausible explanations for these results, particularly that stress may be better understood as a consequence rather than a cause/precursor of Crohn’s disease (AU)

[Social support in the short- and middle-term prediction of welfare volunteers' permanence]. / El apoyo social en la predicción a corto y medio plazo de la permanencia del voluntariado socioasistencial.

This work explores the significance of different types and sources of social support in the short- and middle-term prediction of volunteer permanence. Volunteers ( N = 1362) belonging to 109 different Spanish organizations were surveyed to gather social support data and other information related to factors traditionally associated with sustained volunteerism prediction. In spite of the fact that a relationship between social support and permanence was found, logistic regression analysis showed that social support variables did not appear to be relevant to make this kind of prediction at short term, because the only factors associated with volunteers' permanence in the multivariate model obtained were the volunteers' previous time in the organization, their intention of remaining in service, and their sex and religious attitudes. In contrast, at middle term, social support and, in particular, informational social support from other volunteers was significant, integrating the multivariate model with the other aforementioned factors, except for sex.